Comparison Between Solid-state Batteries and Traditional Liquid Lithium Batteries

What is a solid-state battery?

The lithium-ion batteries we use in mobile phones, laptops, and electric vehicles have a liquid electrolyte where ions flow in one direction when the battery is charged and in another direction when the battery is depleted. Solid state batteries, as the name suggests, replace liquids with solid materials.

Lithium ion batteries typically have graphite electrodes, metal oxide electrodes, and lithium salt electrolytes dissolved in a certain solvent. In solid-state batteries, you may find one of a series of promising materials that can replace lithium, including ceramics and sulfides.

There are several main reasons for adopting new solid-state technology:

1. Requirements for non thermal management system
2. Faster charging
3. Performance at Extreme Temperatures
4. Increase range
5. More lifecycles
6. Enhance security

Advantages of solid-state batteries:

Compared with traditional lithium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries have multiple advantages, including no need for thermal management systems, better performance at extreme temperatures, greater range, faster charging speed, longer lifespan, and higher safety.

Solid state batteries have higher energy density, which means they can provide longer range and lifespan compared to lithium-ion batteries. Solid state batteries can perform 8000 to 10000 charging cycles, while lithium-ion batteries are expected to perform 1500 to 2000 charging cycles. Solid state batteries are inherently safer than lithium-ion batteries, with higher impact resistance and lower risk of ignition. However, solid-state battery technology is still in the development stage and has not yet been widely commercialized.

In order to understand the differences between traditional lithium-ion batteries and solid-state batteries, we learned the basics from an outsider's perspective. The biggest difference between electric vehicle batteries is that traditional lithium-ion batteries contain liquid electrolytes used to conduct lithium ions between the cathode and anode. As the name suggests, solid-state batteries use solid electrolytes instead of liquids, resulting in a lighter overall weight and higher energy density. Solid state batteries can function normally even at temperatures as low as -40 degrees Celsius. At present, current lithium-ion batteries do not work well at low temperatures and have a much smaller usable range at freezing temperatures. Once the thermal management system is removed, significant cost savings can be achieved. This is a conservative estimate of saving 20% to 30%, but it may also save 50%.

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Solid state batteries are considered safer

Solid state batteries can function normally even at temperatures as low as -40 degrees Celsius. At present, current lithium-ion batteries do not work well at low temperatures and have a much smaller usable range at freezing temperatures. Once the thermal management system is removed, significant cost savings can be achieved. This is a conservative estimate of saving 20% to 30%, but it may also save 50%.

Advantages of using ultrasonic spraying to prepare solid-state batteries:

1. Improving electrode performance: Ultrasonic spraying technology can achieve uniform coating of electrode materials, enhance electrode conductivity and catalytic activity. This helps to improve the power density and energy conversion efficiency of solid-state batteries, extending their lifespan.

2. Reducing preparation costs: Compared with traditional electrode preparation methods, ultrasonic spraying technology can achieve uniform coating of materials at lower temperatures, avoiding energy consumption and equipment costs during high-temperature processing. Meanwhile, this technology has a high utilization rate of electrode materials, reducing material waste and further lowering manufacturing costs.

3. Improving production efficiency: Ultrasonic spraying technology has the characteristics of fast spraying speed and high efficiency, which can achieve continuous production. This helps to improve the production efficiency of solid-state batteries and meet the needs of large-scale production.

4. Enhancing the bonding strength between materials: During ultrasonic spraying, high-frequency vibration can promote the tight bonding between electrode materials and electrolyte substrates, enhancing the bonding strength between materials. This helps to improve the stability and durability of the battery, reducing the risk of battery failure during operation.

5. Environmental protection and safety: Ultrasonic spraying technology is a solvent-free and pollution-free green manufacturing technology. During the spraying process, organic solvents are not required, reducing the generation of wastewater and exhaust gas, which is beneficial for environmental protection. At the same time, this technology can also reduce safety hazards such as fires and explosions, and improve production safety.

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