quality Ultrasonic Metal Welding & Ultrasonic Spray Coating Machine factory

What is a solid-state battery? The lithium-ion batteries we use in mobile phones, laptops, and electric vehicles have a liquid electrolyte where ions flow in one direction when the battery is charged and in another direction when the battery is depleted. Solid state batteries, as the name suggests, replace liquids with solid materials. Lithium ion batteries typically have graphite electrodes, metal oxide electrodes, and lithium salt electrolytes dissolved in a certain solvent. In solid-state batteries, you may find one of a series of promising materials that can replace lithium, including ceramics and sulfides. There are several main reasons for adopting new solid-state technology: Requirements for non thermal management system Faster charging Performance at Extreme Temperatures Increase range More lifecycles Enhance security Advantages of solid-state batteries: Compared with traditional lithium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries have multiple advantages, including no need for thermal management systems, better performance at extreme temperatures, greater range, faster charging speed, longer lifespan, and higher safety. Solid state batteries have higher energy density, which means they can provide longer range and lifespan compared to lithium-ion batteries. Solid state batteries can perform 8000 to 10000 charging cycles, while lithium-ion batteries are expected to perform 1500 to 2000 charging cycles. Solid state batteries are inherently safer than lithium-ion batteries, with higher impact resistance and lower risk of ignition. However, solid-state battery technology is still in the development stage and has not yet been widely commercialized. In order to understand the differences between traditional lithium-ion batteries and solid-state batteries, we learned the basics from an outsider's perspective. The biggest difference between electric vehicle batteries is that traditional lithium-ion batteries contain liquid electrolytes used to conduct lithium ions between the cathode and anode. As the name suggests, solid-state batteries use solid electrolytes instead of liquids, resulting in a lighter overall weight and higher energy density. Solid state batteries can function normally even at temperatures as low as -40 degrees Celsius. At present, current lithium-ion batteries do not work well at low temperatures and have a much smaller usable range at freezing temperatures. Once the thermal management system is removed, significant cost savings can be achieved. This is a conservative estimate of saving 20% to 30%, but it may also save 50%. https://www.ultrasonic-metalwelding.com/sale-47987638-ultrasonic-eddy-current-spray-coated-nozzles-110khz-atomization-perovskite-solar-cells-application.html Solid state batteries are considered safer Solid state batteries can function normally even at temperatures as low as -40 degrees Celsius. At present, current lithium-ion batteries do not work well at low temperatures and have a much smaller usable range at freezing temperatures. Once the thermal management system is removed, significant cost savings can be achieved. This is a conservative estimate of saving 20% to 30%, but it may also save 50%. Advantages of using ultrasonic spraying to prepare solid-state batteries: 1. Improving electrode performance: Ultrasonic spraying technology can achieve uniform coating of electrode materials, enhance electrode conductivity and catalytic activity. This helps to improve the power density and energy conversion efficiency of solid-state batteries, extending their lifespan. 2. Reducing preparation costs: Compared with traditional electrode preparation methods, ultrasonic spraying technology can achieve uniform coating of materials at lower temperatures, avoiding energy consumption and equipment costs during high-temperature processing. Meanwhile, this technology has a high utilization rate of electrode materials, reducing material waste and further lowering manufacturing costs. 3. Improving production efficiency: Ultrasonic spraying technology has the characteristics of fast spraying speed and high efficiency, which can achieve continuous production. This helps to improve the production efficiency of solid-state batteries and meet the needs of large-scale production. 4. Enhancing the bonding strength between materials: During ultrasonic spraying, high-frequency vibration can promote the tight bonding between electrode materials and electrolyte substrates, enhancing the bonding strength between materials. This helps to improve the stability and durability of the battery, reducing the risk of battery failure during operation. 5. Environmental protection and safety: Ultrasonic spraying technology is a solvent-free and pollution-free green manufacturing technology. During the spraying process, organic solvents are not required, reducing the generation of wastewater and exhaust gas, which is beneficial for environmental protection. At the same time, this technology can also reduce safety hazards such as fires and explosions, and improve production safety. https://www.ultrasonic-metalwelding.com/sale-44421313-110khz-special-ultrasonic-precision-coating-for-perovskite-batteries-with-conemist-spraying.html

Perovskite solar cells are solar cells that use perovskite type organic metal halide semiconductors as light absorbing materials. They belong to the third generation of solar cells and are also known as new concept solar cells. The development of solar energy technology has roughly gone through three stages: the first generation of solar cells mainly refers to monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon solar cells, whose photoelectric conversion efficiencies in the laboratory have reached 25% and 20.4%, respectively; The second-generation solar cells mainly include amorphous silicon thin film cells and polycrystalline silicon thin film cells. The third-generation solar cells mainly refer to some new concept cells with high conversion efficiency, such as dye-sensitized cells, quantum dot cells, and organic solar cells. The traditional production process of crystalline silicon solar energy is very complex, and some processes have very high processing temperature and energy consumption. But perovskite batteries are different, as long as there are five or six simple processes and the processing temperature does not exceed 150 degrees Celsius. Perovskite solar cells have been successfully selected and are known as the most promising next-generation photovoltaic technology. The core equipment of perovskite cells includes coating equipment, laser equipment, laminating equipment, supplemented by cleaning, drying, and various automation equipment. Compared with the multi factory combination production structure of silicon materials, silicon wafers, battery factories, and components in crystalline silicon cells, perovskite cells can be assembled into a production line from one production line, achieving a reduction in production costs. Coating equipment (PVD equipment), ultrasonic coating equipment, laser equipment, and packaging equipment are the four major equipment for preparing perovskite cells. Advantages of Titanium Ore Batteries: According to different technological routes, solar cells can be roughly divided into crystalline silicon cells, thin-film cells, perovskite cells, etc. For various technological routes of photovoltaic cells, the level of conversion efficiency determines their future development potential. Compared to crystalline silicon, perovskite has three core advantages: excellent optoelectronic properties, abundant raw materials that are easy to synthesize, and a short production process. According to the data, the theoretical limit efficiency of single crystal silicon cells is about 29%. From the actual situation, the current conversion efficiency of JinkoSolar's 182TOPCon cell is about 26.4%; The highest conversion efficiency of Longji Green Energy's P-type HJT battery and indium free HJT battery currently reaches 26.56% and 26.09%, respectively. The theoretical single junction efficiency of calcium titanium photovoltaic cells can reach 31%; Perovskite stacked cells, including double junction silicon/perovskite, have a conversion efficiency of up to 35%, and perovskite triple junction cells have a theoretical efficiency of over 45%. Therefore, they are considered by the industry to have the potential to become the next generation mainstream photovoltaic technology. Advantages of using ultrasonic coating equipment: Ultrasonic coating is a solution deposition technique commonly used in the preparation of perovskite cells to create dense oxide layers and perovskite absorbing layers. Compared with other preparation techniques, ultrasonic coating technology has strong universality, low material waste rate, and excellent compatibility with various substrates, even irregular substrates. Therefore, it has great potential in the preparation of large-sized perovskite photovoltaic devices. https://www.ultrasonic-metalwelding.com/sale-44421313-110khz-special-ultrasonic-precision-coating-for-perovskite-batteries-with-conemist-spraying.html 1. High efficiency Ultrasonic coating equipment uses high-frequency vibration to atomize perovskite solution into small droplets, which can achieve rapid and uniform deposition during the spraying process. Compared to traditional methods, ultrasonic coating equipment greatly improves the preparation efficiency of perovskite films. 2. High quality The perovskite thin film prepared by ultrasonic coating has the advantages of good uniformity, high crystallinity, and few defects. In addition, ultrasonic coating equipment can accurately control spraying parameters such as spraying speed, spraying distance, spraying time, etc., thereby further optimizing the quality of perovskite films. 3. Large scale preparation Ultrasonic coating equipment is suitable for the preparation of large-area perovskite thin films. By adjusting the parameters of the coating equipment and spraying strategy, large-area and high-efficiency preparation of perovskite thin films can be achieved, providing strong support for the application of perovskite materials in fields such as solar cells and optoelectronic devices. 4. Reduce costs Compared to other methods for preparing perovskite thin films, ultrasonic coating equipment has the advantage of low cost. The ultrasonic coating preparation process does not require expensive equipment and materials, reducing the application cost of perovskite materials and promoting their widespread application in the field of new energy. 5. Green and environmentally friendly Ultrasonic coating technology has the characteristics of environmental protection and safety. Compared with traditional coating methods, ultrasonic coating technology does not require the use of a large amount of organic solvents, reducing environmental pollution. At the same time, due to its non-contact coating method, it avoids the substrate damage and pollution problems that traditional coating methods may cause, and improves production safety.

Optical thin film is a special material that has special optical properties by coating one or more layers of metal or dielectric on the surface of optical components. This coating technology is widely used in various fields such as optical instruments, photography equipment, displays, etc. to improve the performance and stability of optical components. The main function of optical thin films is to meet different optical requirements, such as reducing light reflection, enhancing light transmission, beam splitting, color separation, filtering, polarization, etc. By coating, we can control the behavior of light on the surface of optical components, thereby achieving more precise and effective optical control. The manufacturing of optical thin films requires a high degree of technology and precision processes. In order to achieve the best optical effect, it is necessary to select appropriate materials, thickness, coating method and other parameters, and carry out precise process control. In addition, a series of quality inspections and performance tests are required after coating to ensure the quality and reliability of the optical film. Optical thin films play an increasingly important role in modern optical technology. With the continuous advancement of technology and the expansion of application fields, the application prospects of optical thin films will become even broader. In the future, with the continuous development and improvement of optical thin film technology, we are expected to see more advanced and efficient optical components and equipment, bringing more convenience and surprises to our lives and work. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques are commonly used in the manufacturing of ultrasonic optical thin film coatings. These technologies can form a thin and hard coating on the optical surface, which is much harder than ordinary glass. Ultrasonic optical thin film coatings also have good transparency and light transmission properties, ensuring that light passes smoothly through the coating surface without scattering or absorption. In addition to high hardness and good transparency, ultrasonic optical thin film coatings also have excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance. It can maintain stable performance under various harsh environmental conditions, thereby extending the service life of optical instruments. This coating also has good adhesion and durability, and will not easily peel off or be worn. In practical applications, ultrasonic optical thin film coatings can be applied in various fields, such as glasses, camera lenses, smartphone screens, solar panels, etc. It can significantly improve the performance and durability of these optical devices, making them more reliable, durable, and long-lasting. Ultrasonic optical thin film coating is a very important high-tech material with broad application prospects in fields such as optical instruments and optoelectronic devices. With the continuous development of technology, it is believed that this coating material will be applied in more fields, bringing a better future to human production and life. https://www.ultrasonic-metalwelding.com/sale-52164448-ultrasonic-atomization-coating-for-automotive-manufacturing-coatings.html

The membrane electrode is the core component of fuel cells, which integrates the transport and electrochemical reactions of heterogeneous materials, directly determining the performance, lifespan, and cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The membrane electrode and the bipolar plates on both sides together form a single fuel cell, and the combination of multiple single cells can form a fuel cell stack to meet various power output requirements. The design and optimization of MEA structure, material selection, and manufacturing process optimization have always been the focus of PEMFC research. In the development process of PEMFC, membrane electrode technology has undergone several generations of innovation, mainly divided into three types: GDE hot pressing method, CCM three in one membrane electrode, and ordered membrane electrode. 1. GDE Hot Pressed Film Electrode The first generation MEA preparation technology used a hot pressing method to compress the cathode and anode GDLs coated with CL on both sides of PEM to obtain MEA, known as the "GDE" structure. The preparation process of GDE type MEA is indeed relatively simple, thanks to the catalyst being uniformly coated on the GDL. This design not only facilitates the formation of pores in MEA, but also cleverly protects PEM from deformation. However, this process is not flawless. If the amount of catalyst coated on the GDL cannot be precisely controlled, the catalyst slurry may penetrate into the GDL, resulting in some catalysts not fully exerting their efficiency, and the utilization rate may even be as low as 20%, greatly increasing the manufacturing cost of MEA. Due to the inconsistency between the catalyst coating on GDL and the expansion system of PEM, the interface between the two is prone to delamination during long-term operation. This not only leads to an increase in internal contact resistance of fuel cells, but also greatly reduces the overall performance of MEA, far from reaching the ideal level. The preparation process of MEA based on GDE structure has been basically eliminated, and few people have paid attention to it. 2. CCM Three In One Membrane Electrode By using methods such as roll to roll direct coating, screen printing, and spray coating, a slurry composed of catalyst, Nafion, and appropriate dispersant is directly coated on both sides of the proton exchange membrane to obtain MEA. Compared with the GDE type MEA preparation method, the CCM type has better performance, is not easy to peel off, and reduces the transfer resistance between the catalyst layer and PEM, which is beneficial for improving the diffusion and movement of protons in protons. Catalyst layer, thereby promoting the catalytic layer and PEM. The contact and transfer of protons between them reduce the resistance of proton transfer, thereby greatly improving the performance of MEA. The research on MEA has shifted from GDE type to CCM type. In addition, due to the relatively low Pt loading of CCM type MEA, the overall cost of MEA is reduced and the utilization rate is greatly improved. The disadvantage of CCM type MEA is that it is prone to water flooding during the operation of fuel cells. The main reason is that there is no hydrophobic agent in the MEA catalytic layer, there are fewer gas channels, and the transmission resistance of gas and water is relatively high. Therefore, in order to reduce the transmission resistance of gas and water, the thickness of the catalyst layer is generally not greater than 10 μ m. Due to its excellent comprehensive performance, CCM type MEA has been commercialized in the field of automotive fuel cells. For example, Toyota Mirai, Honda Clarity, etc. The CCM type MEA developed by Wuhan University of Technology in China has been exported to Plug Power in the United States for use in fuel cell forklifts. The CCM type MEA developed by Dalian Xinyuan Power has been applied to trucks, with a platinum based precious metal loading capacity as low as 0.4mgPt/cm2. The power density reaches 0.96W/cm2. At the same time, companies and universities such as Kunshan Sunshine, Wuhan Himalaya, Suzhou Qingdong, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics are also developing high-performance CCM type MEAs. Foreign companies such as Komu, Gore 3. Ordered Membrane Electrode The catalytic layer of GDE type MEA and CCM type MEA is mixed with catalyst and electrolyte solution to form a catalyst slurry, which is then coated. The efficiency is very low and there is a significant polarization phenomenon, which is not conducive to the high current discharge of MEA. In addition, the platinum loading in MEA is relatively high. The development of high-performance, long-life, and low-cost MEAs has become a focus of attention. The Pt utilization rate of ordered MEA is very high, effectively reducing the cost of MEA, while achieving efficient transport of protons, electrons, gases, water and other substances, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of PEMFC. Ordered membrane electrodes include ordered membrane electrodes based on carbon nanotubes, ordered membrane electrodes based on catalyst thin films, and ordered membrane electrodes based on proton conductors. Carbon Nanotube Based Ordered Membrane Electrode The graphite lattice characteristics of carbon nanotubes are resistant to high potentials, and their interaction and elasticity with Pt particles enhance the catalytic activity of Pt particles. In the past decade or so, thin films based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) have been developed. Electrode. The vertical arrangement mechanism enhances the gas diffusion layer, drainage capacity, and Pt utilization efficiency. VACNT can be divided into two types: one is VACNT composed of curved and sparse carbon nanotubes; Another type is hollow carbon nanotubes composed of straight and dense carbon nanotubes. Ordered Membrane Electrode Based On Catalyst Thin Film The ordering of catalyst thin films mainly refers to Pt nano ordered structures, such as Pt nanotubes, Pt nanowires, etc. Among them, the representative of catalyst ordered membrane electrode is NSTF, a commercial product of 3M Company. Compared with traditional Pt/C catalysts, NSTF has four main characteristics: the catalyst carrier is an ordered organic whisker; Catalyst forms Pt based alloy thin film on whisker like organisms; There is no carbon carrier in the catalytic layer; The thickness of the NSTF catalyst layer is below 1um. Ordered Membrane Electrode Based On Proton Conductor The main function of proton conductor ordered membrane electrode is to introduce nanowire polymer materials to promote efficient proton transport in the catalytic layer. Yu and others. TiO2/Ti structures of TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) were prepared on titanium sheets, followed by annealing in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain H-TNTs. Pt Pd particles were prepared on the surface of H-TNTs using SnCl2 sensitization and displacement methods, resulting in a high-power density fuel cell. The Institute of Nuclear Science and the Department of Automotive Engineering at Tsinghua University have synthesized a novel ordered catalyst layer for the first time based on the fast proton conduction function of Nafion nanowires. It has the following characteristics: Nafion nanorods are grown in situ on proton exchange membranes, and the interface contact resistance is reduced to zero; Deposition of Pt particle catalytic layer on Nafion nanorods, with both catalytic and electron conducting functions; Nafion nanorods have fast proton conductivity. Ordered membrane electrodes are undoubtedly the main direction of next-generation membrane electrode preparation technology. While reducing the loading of platinum group elements, five aspects need to be further considered: ordered membrane electrodes are highly sensitive to impurities; Expand the working range of membrane electrodes through material optimization, characterization, and modeling; Introducing fast proton conductor nanostructures into the catalytic layer; Low cost mass production process development; In depth study of the interactions and synergistic effects between membrane electrode proton exchange membrane, electrocatalyst, and gas diffusion layer. https://www.ultrasonic-metalwelding.com/sale-52164561-anionic-proton-exchange-membrane-ultrasonic-spraying-100khz.html Advantages of Membrane Electrode Preparation Technology and Ultrasonic Spraying Method: (1) By optimizing parameters such as ultrasonic nozzle power and frequency, the atomized catalyst slurry can have small rebound and be less prone to overspray, thereby improving the utilization rate of the catalyst; (2) The ultrasonic vibration rod disperses the catalyst particles highly, and the ultrasonic dispersion injector has a secondary stirring effect on the catalyst slurry, greatly reducing the probability of platinum chemical pollution and reduced reaction activity area; (3) Easy to operate, highly automated, suitable for mass production of membrane electrodes.

Introduction to Ultrasonic Frequency: The frequency of ultrasound is the number of times it completes periodic changes per unit of time, and is a quantity that describes the frequency of periodic motion. It is commonly represented by the symbol f, with the unit being one second and the symbol s-1. In commemoration of the contribution of German physicist Hertz, the unit of frequency is named Hertz, abbreviated as "Hz", with the symbol Hz. Every object has a frequency determined by its own properties that is independent of amplitude, called the natural frequency. The concept of frequency is not only applied in mechanics and acoustics, but also commonly used in electromagnetics, optics, and radio technology. The time required for a particle in a medium to oscillate back and forth once at its equilibrium position is called a period, represented by T in seconds (s); The number of times a particle completes vibration within 1 second is called frequency, represented by f in cycles per second, also known as Hertz (Hz). The period and frequency are inversely proportional to each other, represented by the following equation: f=1/T The relationship between the wavelength (λ) and frequency of ultrasonic waves in a medium is: c=λ f In the formula, c is the speed of sound, m/s； λ is wavelength, m; f is frequency, Hz. From this, it can be seen that for a certain medium, the propagation speed of ultrasound is constant. The higher the frequency of ultrasound, the shorter the wavelength; conversely, the lower the frequency of ultrasound, the longer the wavelength. Introduction to Ultrasonic Power: The power of ultrasound refers to the amount of work done by an object per unit time, which is a physical quantity that describes the speed of work done. The amount of work is constant, and the shorter the time, the greater the power value. The formula for calculating power is: power=work/time. Power is a physical quantity that characterizes the speed of work done. The work done per unit of time is called power, represented by P. In the process of ultrasonic transmission, when ultrasonic waves are transmitted to a previously stationary medium, the medium particles vibrate back and forth near the equilibrium position, causing compression and expansion in the medium. It can be considered that ultrasound enables the medium to acquire vibrational kinetic energy and deformation potential energy. The acoustic energy obtained by the medium due to ultrasonic disturbance is the sum of vibrational kinetic energy and deformation potential energy. As ultrasound propagates in a medium, energy also propagates. If we take a small volume element (dV) in the acoustic field, let the original volume of the medium be Vo, the pressure be po, and the density be ρ 0. The volume element (dV) obtains kinetic energy △ Ek due to ultrasonic vibration; △ Ek=(ρ 0 Vo) u2/2 Δ Ek is kinetic energy, J; u is particle velocity, m/s； ρ 0 is the density of the medium, kg/m3； Vo is the original volume, m3. One important characteristic of ultrasound is its power, which is much stronger than ordinary sound waves. This is one of the important reasons why ultrasound can be widely used in many fields. When ultrasonic waves reach a certain medium, the molecules of the medium vibrate due to the action of ultrasonic waves, and their vibration frequency is the same as that of ultrasonic waves. The frequency of the vibration of the medium molecules determines the speed of the vibration, and the higher the frequency, the greater the speed. The energy obtained by a medium molecule due to vibration is not only related to the mass of the medium molecule, but also proportional to the square of the vibration velocity of the medium molecule. So, the higher the frequency of ultrasound, the higher the energy obtained by the medium molecules. The frequency of ultrasound is much higher than that of ordinary sound waves, so ultrasound can give medium molecules a lot of energy, while ordinary sound waves have little effect on medium molecules. In other words, ultrasound has much greater energy than sound waves and can provide sufficient energy to medium molecules. The difference in frequency and power of ultrasonic: The frequency and power of ultrasound are two key parameters for measuring its performance. Macroscopically, power determines the intensity and penetration ability of ultrasound, while frequency determines the penetration depth and resolution of ultrasound. The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, and the stronger the penetration, but the greater the power, the stronger the sound energy can be generated. In applications, ultrasound used in the medical field is mainly low-power and high-frequency, which can be used for ultrasound examination and treatment; The ultrasonic waves used in the industrial field are mainly high-power and high-frequency, which can be used for processing, cleaning, measurement, etc. The frequency and power of ultrasound are two key indicators of ultrasound performance. Choosing appropriate ultrasonic parameters can better meet application requirements.